Internship Report at National Bank of Malaysia (BNM)

Entry level position Report at National Bank of Malaysia (BNM) Presentation My entry level position was acted in the Republic of Macedonia, all the more precisely, at its National Bank. This foundation is the one that manages the macroeconomic strategies appropriate in the nation. These approaches permit a steady and long haul financial improvement of one nation. I settled on Macedonia since it is the nation of my beginnings, and furthermore in light of the fact that I figure one day I will have the option to work for one of the Macedonians foundations. So this temporary job will assist me with discovering how these sort of establishments truly work, what is the point of their work. Macedonia is in a progress procedure, that without a doubt is constantly portrayed by various troubles, which are, as a rule, fundamentally the same as different nations living these equivalent procedures. The mail reason for the administration of Macedonia is the reconciliation of the nation in some worldwide associations, for example, NATO or the European Union. While its coordination in NATO would make sure about the outskirts of the nation, and a drawn out dependability (as we realize that some under ethnic clashes had ascended in 2001), the combination in the EU, which is undeniably progressively confounded and requests an extremely high obligation of the administration, will support the financial improvement of this little nation with somewhat in excess of 2 million residents. The significance of the National Bank, as far as these mixes, is unavoidable. The Bank is answerable for the money related arrangement and economy, for significant files, for example, Inflation Rate, CPI (customer value list), which lists help to explain the improvement of the nation in a long haul. The monetary solidness, and the regional soundness, are two significant things, all together that Macedonia could be a piece of the enormous European family, and become a potential nation that will draw in outside ventures at an a lot further extent. I. Depiction of the establishment About NBRM Association graph Capacities : the National Bank will play out the accompanying capacities: set up and direct the money related arrangement; direct the liquidity in the global installments; set up and direct the Denar conversion scale strategy; deal with and deal with the outside trade saves; direct the installment framework; award establishing and working permit to a bank and an investment funds house and direct the banks and reserve funds houses; award a permit for performing administrations of brief cash move and direct the tasks of the elements performing administrations of brief cash move as per a law; award working permit to outside trade departments and oversee their activities as per a law; issue banknotes and coins perform exercises for the record of the focal government and the administration organization bodies. THE MONETARY POLICY: Monetary Policy-Design Structuring of the money related arrangement The National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia (NBRM) is a national bank, and in like manner, the main bank of issue in the Republic of Macedonia. Its essential target is to keep up the value solidness, in this manner being autonomous in the exhibition of its capacities. The National Bank bolsters the monetary strategy of the nation and the money related soundness of the nation, without risking the accomplishment of the fundamental target, and holding fast to the standards of market economy. In accordance with the lawfully set capacities, the NBRM plans and leads the money related arrangement at a degree of the national economy. Toward the finish of the current year, in accordance with the recently decided macroeconomic system, the NBRM works out the Projection of the fiscal advancements for the next year, received by the NBRM Council. Financial approach objectives The upkeep of the value dependability is an essential target of the National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia, built up by a Law. The foundation of this objective is in accordance with the current EU financial approach design, in view of the experimentally affirmed discernments that the value soundness makes most good macroeconomic condition for quickened monetary development reasonable on a since a long time ago run. Until 1999, the swelling in the Republic of Macedonia was estimated through the retail costs list, while since 2000 it has been checked by the expenses of living record. So as to achieve its definitive objective, the NBRM decides a delegate focus of the money related strategy. In this way from April 1992 to September 1995, the NBRM was applying the procedure of focusing on target gracefully M1, as a middle person objective of the money related strategy. Since October 1995, the NBRM has been actualizing financial technique of focusing on the ostensible conversion scale of the Denar against the Deutsche Mark, for example against the Euro since January 2002. In like manner, the support of the Denar conversion standard soundness is a go-between objective of the financial strategy. The conversion scale focusing on system is applied because of the accompanying: a. the significance of the conversion standard in a little open economy (the Republic of Macedonia trades around 80% of the GDP with abroad); b. the need of ostensible stay for support of money related order and believability; c. serious extent of money replacement (over 40%) and d. swapping scale straightforwardness and the chance of day by day observing by the financial operators. Cash flexibly and cash request The cash flexibly in the Republic of Macedonia is subjected to the support of the Denar swapping scale solidness, as an ostensible stay in the economy. The measure of cash flexibly is resolved in accordance with the need of standard execution of products and cash exchanges, for example the monetary action in the nation. The cash gracefully is observed through the accompanying fiscal totals: M0 †save cash (money available for use, banks account with the NBRM and money in the banks vaults), M1 (cash available for use and exchange stores), M2 (M1, Denar and outside trade stores with a development of as long as one year), M3 (M2 and limited stores) and M4 (M3 and Denar and remote trade stores with development of more than one year). The development of these totals is checked in accordance with the embraced projection. The cash request, by the definition, is dictated by the pay level, the value level and the present moment and the drawn out loan fees. Based on the past functional exp erience, the cash request in the Republic of Macedonia is moderately precarious, principally due to the brief and the outer stuns, just as the impact of the money replacement. Financing cost strategy and transmission instrument With the financial arrangement being coordinated towards protecting the Denar swapping scale dependability, the loan fees and the cash gracefully are endogenous factors, controlled by the accomplishment of the middle person objective. The NBRM, through its loan fee strategy, imparts fiscal signs to the banks, in this way putting forth attempts to impact their loaning and store financing costs. The most reduced financing cost of the NBRM is the rebate rate, though the most noteworthy is the loan fee on the Lombard credit. Right now, the referential loan cost in the economy is the financing cost enrolled on the CB charges barters, as for its nearby connection with the loan cost on the Money Market. Because of the higher liquidity in the financial framework, no need of sorting out credit barters has been enlisted over a specific period. Notwithstanding, the transmission channel of the money related approach through the loan costs in the Republic of Macedonia is still deficiently created , considering the inadequately evolved budgetary market, the inflexible financing cost strategy of the banks and their lacking responsiveness to the fiscal signs of the NBRM. DENAR EXCHANGE RATE POLICY Conversion scale strategy As per the National Bank of Macedonia Law (Official Journal of Republic Macedonia nr. 3/2002 51/2003), the National Bank of Macedonia sets up and executes the denar swapping scale strategy so as to accomplish the primary reason †the preservation of the value steadiness. Current remote money framework As per article 33 from the money strategy law, the denar rate is dictated by the straightforward standard of offer and interest for remote monetary standards in the cash advertise. The denar rate in connection with the Euro is fixed by the reports from various banks that partake in the cash trade showcase. With respect to the next remote money, the pace of the denar is dictated by the connection between these monetary standards and the Euro rate, which is fixed by the European Central Bank. The purchasing and selling rate is determined with the expansion and derivation of 0.5%. Truth be told, this is the way how the National Bank of Macedonia uncovered each day the affirmed cash rates on the Currency List. The execution of the cash strategy As indicated by the denar rate focusing on system, as a significant component, the objective and furthermore hard errand of the money related strategy is to keep security between the denar and the Euro rates. In the event that there are inclinations to the deterioration or energy about the denar, the National Bank communicates by selling or purchasing individually, outside monetary forms, after what the fiscal procedure turns out to be separately increasingly prohibitive or progressively sweeping according to the anticipated targets. Connection between the money related and the cash strategy There is a colossal reliance between the financial and the money strategy. It is significant for the Macedonian economy to keep a steady swapping scale with the euro, so as to keep value soundness in the nation, which component will prompt a superior life for every one of its residents. In October 1995 the financial focusing on system was upset, and another methodology was grasped, called the focused on ostensible denar rate procedure. With this new technique, the ascending of the cash gracefully is changed into an instrument that helps, legitimately, on the soundness of the money rate, and by implication, on t

Three categories to Aging

Three classes to Aging 1. Presentation What is old? What is maturing? There are three classes for more established grown-ups ages, â€Å"young old†, â€Å"old old† and â€Å"oldest old† (Papalia et al., 2009). Youthful old is proposed as the age from 65 to 74; old is recommended as the age from 75 to 84 while most established old is recommended as the age of 85 and the abovementioned. Maturing is a characteristic procedure where it very well may be depicted in two measurements. Essential maturing is the continuous, inescapable procedure of maturing. It is unavoidable. It happens all through years even with endeavors/innovation which are utilized to assist with easing back the maturing procedure down. The auxiliary maturing is avoidable, as it results from illness, misuse. For example, having a sound way of life may assist with lessening the dangers of entering optional maturing or defer the entering. In a quick creating society like Hong Kong, individuals appear to abstain from looking at maturing and view maturing as a negative procedure as opposed to a characteristic procedure. In this manner, ageism gets one of the social issues in Hong Kong. Traxler has given the definition that if an individual or a gathering of individuals who are subjected in view of the age using any and all means (for example activity, demeanor or by a foundation) it would be delegated ageism. Maturing circumstance in Hong Kong As indicated by the U.S. Registration Bureau, International Database, the Hong Kong populace pyramids 2010 has anticipated that the predominant age gathering would be the 45-multi year-elderly individuals in which it is near 400 000 among the entire populace in Hong Kong. The number of inhabitants in other age gatherings, 40-44 and 50-54 would be comparable and near the 45-49 gathering. By 2050, the main age gathering would be the 80+ where the female 80+ populace would draw near to 700 000 while other age gatherings would stay comparative and remain under 300 000 (National Master, 2003). The life span is one of the potential reasons of the difference in the populace pyramids with the improvement on clinical advances, the better anticipation or forecast of illnesses, the better quality of living, etc. Maturing is unavoidable and it is an inescapable procedure forever. On account of this explanation, I trust it is essential to comprehend maturing as far as hypotheses and from that to create potential answers for tackle the issue or to smoothen the adjustment of the segment changes in Hong Kong. Goals The goals of this paper are: (1) To outline maturing and ageism as far as various hypotheses, (2) To offer some potential answers for advance positive pictures of maturing 2. Hypothetical Perspectives Withdrawal Theory This is a psychosocial idea to express that more seasoned grown-ups will bit by bit withdraw in a general public (The Medical Dictionary, 2009). They are supposed to be latent and being uninterested towards their conceivable support in the general public. This hypothesis has predisposition towards ageism and has given individuals the negative perspective of maturing. Work/work related separation At the point when more established grown-ups resign, the principally separation is brought about by their capacities in the public arena. Some of them quit working when they resign and are supposed to be â€Å"non-functional† towards the working field. Some would proceed with their work (low maintenance or full time). Nonetheless, some more established grown-ups that desire to proceed with their work consistently endure in troublesome employment looking for process. Employability for them is by all accounts low or lower in Hong Kong. It may be conceivable that some of them have amassed a lot of understanding and consequently the present wages would not be fulfilled for them. It would wind up that retirement would turn into a change for them with a decrease in their wages. Conversely, some less instructed more seasoned grown-ups probably won't have the option to contend with more youthful jobseekers. Such two assorted reasons could use to clarify why the employability for more seasoned grown-ups is low. Family relationship related withdrawal One reason of the segment changes would be the deferral of marriage and it might postpone the life-advances (Harper, 2004). For instance, entering late adulthood later than the normal age, there are individuals befuddling about the term â€Å"middle age† in which they accept that middle age could mean individuals that are 65+ in age (Papalia et al., 2009)) Because of that reason, there is potential that more established grown-ups experience separation with their kids who venture out from home. Then again, separation hypothesis accept that more established grown-ups tend to get include with individuals with comparable ages shaping a purported â€Å"homogenous group† (The Medical Dictionary, 2009). In my own perspective, I would accept that more seasoned grown-ups are withdrawing and from that new commitment is required. While connecting with â€Å"new people† in which they are of comparable ages with the more established grown-ups, they make or recover something that is important or of incentive to them. There is by all accounts a logical inconsistency between the suspicion of the hypothesis and its cynical clarification of maturing. What's more, there is additionally analysis for withdrawal hypothesis as it gives a negative perspective of maturing; it will in general strengthen the generalizations of more established grown-ups. For examples, more established grown-ups are pointless, idle, pulled back, and so forth (Palmore, 1999). Clinical Frameworks These are spoken to by clinical, organic and naturalist speculations. The primary underscore would be that the physical changes on the more established grown-ups. The physical changes are alluded in term of natural points of view. The idea of the structure appears not to be centered around the sociological point of view. In any case, the systems feature a current change or now and again saw as an issue by individuals the higher futures. Dozois has expressed that the headway of medication have prompted more prominent life span. At the point when individuals have seen the adjustment in extent of more seasoned grown-ups over the populace in the only remaining century, ageism is exacerbate (2006). Individuals raise concerns and complement that more seasoned grown-ups are non-gainful. Non-profitable for this situation asserts that more seasoned grown-ups devour loads of assets however consequently they don't contribute toward what they have expended. The enormous number of non-gainful ind ividuals may influence the general public (predominantly the financial side) wherein by far most individuals would consider as a worry (Dozois, 2006) Relating such structures to Hong Kong, a few people accept that the administration would need to give more consideration to the maturing society. Accordingly, the government assistance framework in Hong Kong may encounter an appeal circumstance in the coming next 10 years forward while the Hong Kong populace is evolving. All the while, when Hong Kong is confronting such a significant number of various monetary emergencies, the quickly advancing financial associations with China and different nations, maturing would fill in as a factor that influences the Hong Kong economy. Later on, the legislature may need to expand charge rate when managing the enormous populace of more seasoned grown-ups who are qualified to applying the mature age recompense (OAA) in Hong Kong as one of the social government assistance administrations. Therefore, the general public may advance a progressively negative picture for the more established grown-ups in Hong Kong. It resembles a roundabout causality to support ageism. Movement Theory As I would like to think, action hypothesis is something contrary to the separation hypothesis as it depict maturing in a substantially more positive perspective. It fundamentally says that how an individual is being developed in two significant centered sources, (1) What they do and (2) The jobs they have in their lives (Roy and Russel, 2005). Like withdrawal hypothesis, action hypothesis asserted that individuals â€Å"give up† or â€Å"force to give up† jobs as they age. At the point when they resign from work, when they lose their accomplices, drop out of expert, clubs, associations, etc. Those are the parts that holding an individual together as w entirety. The abrupt changes cause by the retirement may turn into the prompt of why more seasoned grown-ups would lessen their feeling of personality. As indicated by the humanistic hypothesis, there are two selves, the real self and the perfect self (Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 2009). The real self is alluded as how individuals comprehend one individual in which the individual perceive oneself from his/her encompassing and some close to home points of view. The perfect self is the thing that the individual needs oneself to be. The decreased feeling of character may be brought about by the changing or losing of jobs develop the inconsistency between the genuine self and the perfect self. Roy and Russel recommend that action hypothesis should come to put that more seasoned grown-up ought to take part in exercises (E.g. joining clubs or growing new side interests). More seasoned grown-ups could grow new jobs to substitute or supplant those old and power to-be-surrendered jobs. The hypothesis has finished up the significance recently life exercises in which to reestablish, keep up or improve the prosperity of the more established grown-ups (2005). As opposed to pinpointing the negative effect of maturing like separation hypothesis, the movement hypothesis could be filled in as proof on why there is a need to advance the network interest for more seasoned grown-ups Trade Theory The trade hypothesis just expresses that individuals should cut off the association with someone else if nothing can be picked up or traded from that individual. This hypothesis has indicated its free enterprise perspective. The presumption of the hypothesis is that individuals work so as to increase material or non-material prizes and furthermore individuals would attempt to keep the picked up benefits (Moberg, 2001). There are numerous trades where that could influence ones (3Ps are alluded as force, glory and assets). The 3Ps are the three component got from the social delineation. Social products probably won't be solid like material belongings, yet additionally including other conceptual things like mental fulfillment and experiential joy (Moberg, 2001). More seasoned grown-ups that could manage the cost of their own living could have family members that would need to depend on them and placing the family members or family in a depend

Investigative Report of Internet Addiction Essay -- Internet Addiction

Insightful Report of Internet Addiction Chapter by chapter list Rundown OF ILLUSTRATIONS ...............................................iv ABSTRACT.............................................................v Presentation ........................................................1 Reason .............................................................1 Development Of The Internet ..............................................1 THE ADDICTION .......................................................2 What causes it ......................................................2 Indications ............................................................3 Instructions to Overcome The Addiction........................................4 The components of any addiction........................................4 End ..........................................................8 One final Interesting Question .......................................9 REFERENCES ..........................................................10 Rundown OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figures 1. The quantity of systems associated with the Internet versus Time. 2. The level of the Internet areas 3. Will the condition individuals = Internet Users be valid in 2001? Conceptual The issue of Internet habit isn't truly recognizable now and that is the reason not numerous individuals are paying attention to it, however what these individuals are neglecting to see is the association between the quick development of the Internet and the compulsion issue. It is extremely basic rationale the greater the Internet get the more clients will be which will prompt a greater number of addicts that can have their lives just as others adulterated by this conduct. The primary target of this paper is to ensure that all peruser know and comprehend what Internet dependence is what's more, how it tends to be settled or maintained a strategic distance from. I can not offer an expert mental arrangement however I accept if an individual find out about the dependence, the better chance they need to help themselves just as others; that is the reason I have incorporated a short rundown of the components of dependence. I trust that when you read my paper you will have a superior comprehension about this issue to keep yourself just as others of taking Internet dependence softly. Presentation Reason The reason for this paper is to make you, the peruser, alarm and increasingly mindful of the most current kind of enslavement, Interne... ...not be dangerous like some illicit drug use, however it can exceptionally destructive to the individual expert and individual life. The way to avoiding this habit is to comprehend its components and have a solid self discipline to control one's self from all the allurements that the Internet may give. One final Interesting Question We as a whole realize that an ever increasing number of individuals are accessing the Internet a few way or another, yet few out of every odd body got the opportunity of taking a gander at figure 3 ! Figure 3. Will the condition individuals = Internet Users be valid in 2001? (Source: ftp://nic.merit.edu/measurements/nsfnet) REFERENCES Elias, M. (7/7/1996) Net abuse called genuine fixation, USA Today, pp 1-A. McAllester, M. (5/5/1996), Study says some might be dependent on the Net; Bulldog Version., Â Â Â Â Â Los Angeles Times, , pp A-18. System Wizards, [online] Â Â Â Â Â Available URL: http://www.nw.com/zone/ Rodgers, J. (1994), Treatments that works, Vol. 27, Psychology Today, pp 34. Youthful, Kimberly, Center of on-line fixation (COLA), [online] Â Â Â Â Â Available URL: http://www.pitt.edu/~ksy/ Legitimacy Network Inc., [online] Â Â Â Â Â Available URL: ftp://nic.merit.edu/measurements/nsfnet/

AP Calculus BC Review Vector-Valued Functions

One thing that sets the AP Calculus BC exam apart from the AB exam is the topic of vector-valued functions. The BC test has them, while the AB does not. In this article we will review how to graph, find derivatives and integrals, and interpret the meaning of vector-valued functions. What are Vector-Valued Functions? A vector-valued function is like a typical function y = f(x), except that there is more than one output value. In fact, a vector may be thought of as a list of multiple values, such as (1, 4, -2). On the AP Calculus BC exam, you will only encounter vector-valued functions having two outputs. You will see these as a pair of functions, x = f(t) and y = g(t), or equivalently, (f(t), g(t)). For example, (3 cos t, 5 sin t) is a vector-valued function. It specifies the x-value (3 cos t) and y-value (5 sin t) for any given input t. The graph of a vector-valued function, x=3cos(t), y = 5sin(t). When there is a single input variable (like t in the above example), then a vector-valued function is essentially the same thing as a set of parametric equations. Both of these concepts are basic types of multivariable functions. Check out AP Calculus Review: Multivariables for more. Graphing Lets take a closer look at the example given above, (3 cos t, 5 sin t). How do you graph it? Well what I did to create the graph shown above was to use graphing software. In fact, most graphing calculators are capable of graphing vector functions. However, this feature will most likely be under term parametric. Here is a good parametric graphing tutorial. However what do you do on the parts of the exam that do not permit a calculator? Sketching the Graph Without a Calculator Most often you will not need a detailed graph to answer any particular question. However, its good to have a few techniques up your sleeve to help you visualize a vector function when you need to. Some situations come up so often that you should probably memorize them. For positive constants a and b, (a cos t, b sin t) is an ellipse. If a = b, then its a circle of radius r = a. Suppose f is any function. Then (t, f(t)) produces exactly the same graph as y = f(x). The only difference is that (t, f(t)) is a vector function, so all the methods that make sense for vector functions would work on this one. More generally, if you need to know something about the graph of (f(t), g(t)), then you could choose a few sample points for t and plot the corresponding (x, y) pairs. For example, to sketch (t2 6, t 2) by hand, first create a table of values. Then plot the points and connect with a smooth curve. tx = t2 - 6y = t - 2Point -33-5(3, -5) -2-2-4(-2, -4) -1-5-3(-5, -3) 0-6-2(-6, -2) 1-5-1(-5, -1) 2-20(-2, 0) 331(3, 1) This graph is a parabola opening sideways to the right. The arrowhead on the curve indicates the direction of increasing t. Derivatives Just as you can take derivatives of regular (non-vector) functions, you can take derivatives of vector functions too. In fact, its easy! Just take the derivative of each component function separately, and keep your answer in the form of a vector. For example, the derivative of the vector function (t2 6, t 2) is (2t, 1). In the next section, well see what the derivative can tell you about the motion of an object described by a vector-valued function. Position, Velocity, and Acceleration Remember that if s(t) is the position function for an object moving along a straight line, then you can find the objects velocity and acceleration by taking derivatives. In a similar way, if the vector function (f(t), g(t)) defines the position of an object in terms of time t, then its velocity and acceleration (as vector functions) can also be found by taking derivatives: In any case, whether talking about single-variable functions or vector-valued functions, the velocity involves the first derivative while the acceleration vector involves the second. Example Velocity Vector If a particle moves in a the xy-plane so that at time t 0 its position vector is , then its velocity vector at time t = 3 is A. (ln 6, ln 27) B. (ln 9, ln 27) C. (6e9, -27e-27) D. (9e9, -27e-27) Solution From what we have already discussed, velocity is the first derivative of position. Therefore, being very careful with the Chain Rule, we find: Then after plugging in the given time t = 3, we get: The correct choice is C. Length of a Curve and Distance Although we typically think of parametric curves when talking about curve length, the same formula works just as well for vector-valued functions. In fact, the length formula gives you the total distance of a particle traveling along a vector function (f(t), g(t)) from time t = a to t = b. Example Distance A particle moves along a path described by . Find the distance that the particle travels along the path from t = 0 to t = /2. (Assume that calculators are allowed.) Solution This is a straightforward application of the length integral. Use your calculator once you have set up the formula correctly. Summary Vector-valued functions are an important part of the AP Calculus BC exam. You should know how to: Graph and interpret the graph of a vector-valued function. Find derivatives and use them in particle motion problems. Use the curve length formula. For a complete list of topics found on the BC exam, check out What Topics are on the AP Calculus BC Exam?.

Amarillo Angels Case Study - 1779 Words

To address the emotional and physical needs faced by children in foster care and their caretakers, the Amarillo Angels organization seeks to provide gifts and hope for foster families through its services.1 Hundreds of thousands of children are in foster care across the United States, and the average child in the foster care system spends over a year in foster care.2 The state of Texas faces a foster care crisis in which not enough family placements are available to meet the needs of an abundance of children in foster care.3 Locally, agencies in Amarillo must often send foster children needing placements to other counties or states.4 While foster parents receive some financial reimbursement to provide for the children placed in their†¦show more content†¦The remaining children who exited the foster care system in 2015 either were emancipated, transferred to the care of a guardian or an alternative relative, or left the system under other circumstances. These children spent a n average of 13.5 months in the foster care system.2 Foster Care System in Texas and on a Local Scale Across the state of Texas in July 2016, children in foster care numbered at about 16,000, and 12,000 of these children had been in the foster care system for at least a year.4 During the same year, the Dallas News reported a foster care crisis in Texas with an excess of children in need of care and a limited amount of places in which these children could receive care.3 Foster care children in need of homes sometimes must spend nights in the offices of Child Protective Services before they can find a safe place to stay.3 Locally in the Amarillo area, 245 children were in foster care in Potter County and 113 children were in foster care in Randall County in May 2017.10 However, only 130 homes within the counties were licensed for foster care placements. Clay Thomas, the statewide director for Arrow Child and Family Ministries, estimated that Amarillo foster care agencies send about 100 children to other counties or states each month because of the local shortage of foster care families.10 Process andShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pages1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Hartley, Robert F., 1927Marketing mistakes and successes/Robert F. Hartley. —11th ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-470-16981-0 (pbk.) 1. Marketing—United States—Case studies. I. Title. HF5415.1.H37 2009 658.800973—dc22 2008040282 ISBN-13 978-0-470-16981-0 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PREFACE Welcome to the 30th anniversary of Marketing Mistakes

Television Series And The Telltale Episodic Game Under The...

154.101 Introduction to Media Studies We are told stories throughout of life times. These stories can appear in many separate mediums as self contained narratives, however there are many stories which may be told/expanded on in different mediums. This is Transmedia Storytelling. A Transmedia narrative is one in which elements of a story are expressed across a range of different mediums in a way that creates a unified entertainment experience. On top of this dispersal of a narrative, each medium’s contribution to the overall narrative should incorporate elements of story telling the are specific to that medium. In order to fully understand the reasons behind making a Tansmedia Narrative it is useful to explore and analysis an existing Transmedia storyworld. The case study for this essay is Game of Thrones. Specifically the television series and the Telltale episodic game under the same name. When comparing how the different mediums explore the overarching storyworld we must look at the fabula (the story in chronological order), the syuzhet (the order and way in which the story is told), focalisation (whose point of view the story is told), medium specificity and the audience labour. The basic narrative that is taking place within the storyworld of Game of Thrones is of several noble families fighting for control of the mythical land of Westeros. This is the story or the fabula. What is important is the way in which this story is told, they way events are orderedShow MoreRelatedMovie Review : The Game 1912 Words   |  8 PagesI’ve avoided covering episodic content on this show for a long time. Mostly it was because, as someone interested in a game’s themes and ideas I wanted to be able to speak with some authority on what â€Å"The Game† is about in its entirety. And it’s hard to talk about that sort of stuff when you only have â…• of the game in front of you. But after years of watching episodic content come and go – and after not being able to cover some really great stuff like Kentucky Route Zero – I’ve reconsidered.

Compulsory Voting free essay sample

Compulsory Voting 1 Topic of the paper Democracy is built on freedom to vote and have your political say, but the majority of people in the world’s ‘greatest’ democracies never vote at all. Is compulsory participation in the political system the answer? Investigate countries which make voting compulsory – weigh the advantages and disadvantages – then argue for or against this policy. Abstract Compulsory voting solves the problem of low political participation during elections; therefore, winning politicians and political parties cannot be considered non-legitimate in mandatory voting. On the other hand, mandatory voting has more disadvantages than advantages. Firstly, it is against the freedom of individuals, because people already do not have a right to vote, but it is their duty. It is also against freedom of speech, because part of freedom of speech is freedom not to speak, which is denied by mandatory voting. Also, there are many people who are not interested in politics, or in certain elections, especially elections to European Parliament. Such a people do not need to express their opinion in elections, or they do not feel directly influenced by politics. This paper was written after research of several academic sources and small personal survey in streets of New York. 2 Outline I. Introduction to controversy II. Countries using compulsory voting A. Belgium B. Cyprus C. Italy III. Advantages of compulsory voting A. High political participation B. Political legitimacy C. Higher political interest among people D. Increasing efficiency of politicians IV. Disadvantages of compulsory voting A. Individual freedom B. Freedom of speech C. Conflict with religious groups D. Lack of knowledge and interest E. Small percentage of punishments V. Personal survey VI. Conclusion A. Summary of advantages and disadvantages B. Last word on the controversy 3 Introduction In the modern world, democracy is the most used political system, which is based on participation of people. However, democracy is currently facing problem with low participation of people in many countries. In order to solve this problem and stop all the controversies about lack of legitimacy in some countries, politicians started to discuss the topic of compulsory voting. It is proven that compulsory voting solves the problem of low voting turnout and lack of political legitimacy, but it is against the freedom of individuals. Many people do not want to vote, to express their opinion. Mandatory voting is against the freedom of speech, because it includes also freedom not to speak, which is in conflict with compulsory voting. There is also a problem with religious people, because politics in general is in dispute with their belief. Some people have no interest, or knowledge about politics, so it would be counter-productive to force such people to vote. Countries using compulsory voting Compulsory voting is being already used in many countries. According Dr. Costas Panagopulos, the director of the Center for Electoral Politics and Democracy at Fordham University, there were 27 countries in the World in 2008 using compulsory system, but they differ by sanctions and enforcements to defectors. Some countries like Australia or Belgium punish breaking the compulsory voting very strictly with high sanctions, but countries like Italy or Mexico do not use any punishments (458). A first country, which I would like to introduce, is Belgium. Belgium is very strict about compliance the compulsory voting. They do not charge money to people not going to votes, but when they are absent at four elections during fifteen years, they lose their right to vote (Panagopoulos 457-58). 4 Second example of country using compulsory system of voting is Cyprus. Cyprus punishes not going to elections very strictly and fines are very high. When Cyprus inhabitant who meets criteria to be able to vote decides not to go to vote, a government fines him for 200 Pounds (Panagopoulos 457-58). A last country I would like to present is Italy. Even though Italy is using compulsory system of voting, they do not control following this law. They do not use any sanctions or enforcements (Panagopoulos 458). Advantages of compulsory voting The biggest advantage of compulsory voting is high political participation. The majority of people go to elections. When we compare a political participation in counties using mandatory voting with those not using it, countries with compulsory system of voting have usually 30%-50% higher voting turnout. Dr. Engelen analyzed the data from 2004 in European Union and the result was very clearly readable. In 2004, there were only two countries in EU using mandatory voting. These two countries had voting turnout of 90%, while the average of EU was 45. 6% in 2004. The difference was almost 45%, so compulsory voting definitely reaches very high political participation. Compulsory system of voting can solve the problem of political legitimacy. Political legitimacy is a very discussed issue currently, because voting turnouts are very small and some people claim that their political leaders are not legitimate. Dr. Arend Lijphart from University of California in San Diego uses as an example of non-legitimate leader presidency of Bill Clinton. Clinton became a president even though he received only 43% of total votes. Turnout during these elections in 1992 was only 55%, it means he was actually voted by less than 25% of eligible 5 voters. Lijphart claims that the only way how to reach political legitimacy is to maximize the voting turnouts and it can only be reached by mandatory democracy. Mandatory democracy can raise political interest among people. When people who are not interested in politics are forced to vote, some of them start to feel responsible for results of elections. They begin to watch political news, read journals and articles to have sufficient knowledge about politics in general and politicians, who they vote for or against. As Jake Keith and Guang-Zhen Sun describe in their article, when people are force to vote, it increases their interest about politics, so compulsory voting raises the value of individual votes (64). Compulsory voting can achieve higher efficiency in politics, especially on local level. As mandatory voting reaches higher voting turnout, more groups sensitive about specific topic are included in the voting. This fact can compel local politicians to care about small, but very important issues for some people. Such issues are for example public transportation, water supply, sanitation etc. (â€Å"’Compulsory Voting Good for Democracy†). Disadvantages of compulsory voting The most common argument against mandatory voting is individual freedom. Countries using compulsory voting force people to vote, but it can definitely be considered as a step against freedom of individuals. Even Lijphart, who is known as a propagator of compulsory voting, argues that mandatory voting has a very strong disadvantage, which is individual freedom. In case of compulsory voting, individual freedom represents freedom not to vote, which is denied by mandatory voting. Annabelle Lever, professor of University of Geneva in Switzerland, points out that people are not always the best judges of specific fields; therefore, they may decide not to go to vote. If these people are forced to go to vote, it is against their freedom, but it is also illogical (906). 6 Mandatory voting is in the conflict with freedom of speech. Freedom of speech, one of the most important principals of a modern democracy, includes also freedom not to speak. It means that we do not have to express our opinion if we do not want to. However, mandatory voting is definitely against this principle, because it forces us to go to vote, to express our opinion. Therefore, compulsory voting could be, in my opinion, considered as non-democratic. If we look at the First Amendment of U. S. Constitution, freedom of speech takes an important role in the text: â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"U. S. Constitution†). In my opinion, establishment of mandatory voting in U. S. would be unconstitutional. Compulsory voting is in a conflict with religious people. Some of religious people tend not to go to vote, because politics in general is in conflict with their belief. If these people are force to go to vote, it causes them self-dispute which of the rules should they follow; their belief or laws of a certain country. Elections can be influenced by people with lack of knowledge or interest about politics. Mandatory voting forces people to go to vote, but some people simply do not care about politics. They do not feel influenced by politics or they do not have a need to vote, because one single vote is only small fraction of the whole count. But if these are forced to go to vote, they can influence the result very easily by using a recession method. Recession means that people, who do not care about the result that much, vote for a politician or a party, which usually differs from others. In Czech Republic, Vladimir Franz, the tattooed candidate for a president, and Czech Pirate Party, the party supporting illegal downloading, they take an advantage of recession even though the voting is not mandatory in Czech Republic. If it was mandatory, these candidates would have much more votes. 7 Also, only a very small percentage of non-voters are punished in countries with compulsory voting. Lijphart uses an example of Australia, one of the strictest punishers of non-voters, to support this claim. In Australia, there approximately 10 million eligible voters and an average turnout is about 95%. Even though there is half a million of non-voters, only about 4% of them is punished with small fines. In Belgium, only about 0. 25% of non-voters are punished. Personal survey I have made a little personal survey and its results support my thesis. I asked 37 people of different sex, age and social status on the streets in New York three questions related to my topic. The first question was if they usually go to vote. Twenty five out of the total people answered yes, which gives us almost 70%. The second question was if they would prefer compulsory democracy. Thirty one out of total people answered no, so it is more than 80% with negative attitude to mandatory voting. And the last question was why they do not want or why they want compulsory voting. The most common answer was that they do not care about some elections, especially elections to European Parliament and Czech Senate, because they do not seem these elected positions to be important in their normal life. This is very logical, why should people be forced to vote in all the elections, when some of them are not important. In European Parliament, there are more than 700 of members and people simply do not feel any need to express their opinion, because there many other votes, many other members of parliament and EU does not influences directly their life. Conclusion To summarize the main points, compulsory voting would definitely solve the problem of political legitimacy, because it would create very high political participation. Since it would be compulsory, people would have to vote and they would start to have politics as an interest. This means that intellectual level of people might have increased as they would start to care about politics. Also, elementary schools could start new subjects like Introduction to Political Science, which could be an improvement of education. On the other hand, people who are not interested in politics at all are unlikely to start caring even after the introduction of a compulsory voting system and such a people can influence the result of elections, because they might vote based on the recession. There is another problem, which are the religious groups. They generally do not want to vote, because it is partly against their religion. If we forced them to go to vote, it is against their freedom. Everyone has a freedom of speech in democratic countries, and part of freedom of speech is freedom not to speak. Compulsory voting is definitely against this freedom, because it forces us to express our opinion. I think that due to these all disadvantages, compulsory voting is not the solution to a problem, but the other way around, because it causes more problems than it solves. 9 Works cited Compulsory Voting Good for Democracy. The Pioneer 23 Dec 2009. ProQuest. Web. 27 Mar. 2013 . Engelen, Bart. Why Compulsory Voting can Enhance Democracy. Acta Politica 42. 1 (2007). ProQuest. Web. 27 Mar. 2013. Keith, Jake, and Guang-Zhen Sun. Is Compulsory Voting More Democratic?